In 2014 Drug-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (DIES) was described for the first time. It is still a poorly known disease with symptoms that typically resemble those of Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES). To date, six more cases of DIES have been described and new clinical diagnostic criteria have been proposed based on those in the international guidelines for FPIES. In this paper the authors describe three more cases of DIES. In addition, similarities and differences with FPIES...

CONCLUSIONS: Single dose DPT without previous STs is a safe and useful way to assess NIRs to BLs in children. LTT has shown to be useful, confirming a T-cell mechanism involved in these reactions.

CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the restriction measures during COVID-19 outbreak causes an increase in the number of HAE attacks in relation to anxiety, depression, stress and fear of COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to provide psychological support to HAE patients during the pandemic.

No abstract

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of FA in children rapidly increased after the 1990s and gradually stabilized after 2010. Cow's milk has become the most common food allergen among children in Chongqing. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms as a manifestation of FA has increased significantly since 2010.

CONCLUSIONS: OFG is a rare and neglected disease showing multiple clinical phenotypes. While early diagnosis is crucial,managementis difficult and highly dependent on the expertise of clinicians due to the lack of international guidelines. There is a need to establishregistry databases and address challenges of long-term management.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare inherited chronic disease characterisedby unpredictable recurrent attacks of cutaneous and submucosal swelling potentially involving airways, frequently upper ones,and compromising patient's life. This impliesa serious health problem with significant disease burden and reduced life quality(1). This disease presentsa great clinical variability and different endotypes,hampering diagnosis and requiring a personalised treatment. The primary mediator of swelling...

The cytokine interleukin-31 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple atopic disorderssuch asatopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitisand airway hyperreactivity. In AD, IL-31 has been identified as one of the main 'drivers'of its cardinal symptom,pruritus. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which IL-31 modulates inflammatory and allergic diseases. T(H) 2 cells play a central role in AD and release high levels ofT(H) 2-associated cytokines including IL-31,thereby mediating...

No abstract

No abstract